Type: Device
Description: A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs are known for their efficiency, longevity, and versatility. They are used in a wide range of applications, from indicator lights and displays to general illumination and advanced electronics.
Attributes:
- Basic Structure:
- Semiconductor Material: Typically composed of gallium, arsenic, phosphorus, and other elements.
- PN Junction: The boundary between the p-type and n-type semiconductor materials where electron-hole recombination occurs, emitting photons.
- Encapsulation: Protective housing that can shape the emitted light and protect the semiconductor.
- Types of LEDs:
- Standard LEDs: Used for indicators and simple lighting.
- High-Power LEDs: Provide intense light output for applications like automotive headlights and streetlights.
- Organic LEDs (OLEDs): Made from organic semiconductor materials, used in displays for televisions, smartphones, and other devices.
- Infrared LEDs: Emit infrared light, used in remote controls and night-vision equipment.
- Ultraviolet LEDs: Emit ultraviolet light, used for disinfection and curing applications.
- Characteristics:
- Efficiency: High luminous efficacy, converting more electrical energy into light compared to traditional light sources.
- Lifespan: Long operational life, often exceeding 25,000 to 50,000 hours.
- Color: Available in a wide range of colors, including white, which can be achieved through different methods such as phosphor conversion.
- Size: Compact and adaptable to various form factors.
Relationships:
- Applications:
- General Lighting: Used in residential, commercial, and industrial lighting solutions due to energy efficiency and long life.
- Displays: Integral to screens for televisions, smartphones, computers, and digital billboards.
- Indicators: Used in electronic devices to indicate status or operation.
- Automotive Lighting: Employed in headlights, tail lights, and interior lighting.
- Specialized Uses: Infrared LEDs for remote controls and security cameras, ultraviolet LEDs for sterilization and curing processes.
- Related Technologies:
- Semiconductors: The core technology behind LEDs, sharing principles with other semiconductor devices like transistors and integrated circuits.
- Photovoltaics: The reverse process where light is converted into electricity, as seen in solar cells.
- Laser Diodes: Similar in principle but designed to emit coherent light.
